# Trademark Classes in Turkey: All 45 Classes Explained

> What are the trademark classes? The full list of all 45 Nice classes, what each one covers, and the changes introduced by TÜRKPATENT Communiqué 2026/2.

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Trademark classes are a **list of 45 headings** that determine the commercial field in which your mark is protected. Classes 1 to 34 cover goods; classes 35 to 45 cover services. Protection arises only in the classes you select: outside them, someone else may register the same name.

Below you will find all 45 classes together with what each one covers. Deciding *which* classes fit your own business is a separate question, and we set out the method step by step in [How to Choose Trademark Classes](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-classes-and-nice-classification).

## What Is a Trademark Class?

A trademark is not protected in the abstract. It is protected **in respect of specific goods and services**, which is why every application must answer the question "for which goods and services?". To give the world a shared vocabulary, goods and services are divided into 45 classes. This system is the **Nice Classification**, established by the Nice Agreement concerning the international classification of goods and services for the registration of marks.

In Türkiye the list is applied through a classification communiqué published by TÜRKPATENT. The instrument currently in force is **Communiqué 2026/2**, published in the Official Gazette of 26 February 2026; it is based on the 13th edition of the Nice Classification and repealed the earlier Communiqué 2024/2.

The practical consequence is this: the same brand name may be registered by different proprietors in unrelated sectors. A furniture brand and a software brand bearing the same name can, in most cases, coexist.

## Goods: Classes 1–34

| Class | Coverage |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Chemicals for industry, science and agriculture; unprocessed artificial resins, fertilisers, adhesives |
| 2 | Paints, varnishes, lacquers, anti-corrosives, colourants, unprocessed metals in powder or flake form |
| 3 | Cosmetics, perfumery, soaps, dental care products, cleaning and bleaching preparations |
| 4 | Industrial oils, greases, fuels, candles, illuminants |
| 5 | Pharmaceuticals, medical and veterinary preparations, dietary supplements, baby food, disinfectants |
| 6 | Common metals and their alloys, metal building materials, hardware, safes |
| 7 | Machines, machine tools, motors, machine brake linings, vending machines |
| 8 | Hand tools and hand-operated implements, cutlery, razors |
| 9 | Scientific and electronic apparatus, computer hardware, **downloadable software**, mobile applications, protective clothing |
| 10 | Surgical and medical instruments, orthopaedic articles, **spectacles and sunglasses**, hearing aids |
| 11 | Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, ventilating and sanitary purposes |
| 12 | Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water, parts, clutch linings, firefighting vehicles |
| 13 | Firearms, ammunition, explosives, fireworks |
| 14 | Precious metals, jewellery, precious stones, horological and chronometric instruments |
| 15 | Musical instruments and accessories |
| 16 | Paper, cardboard, stationery, printed publications, books, packaging materials |
| 17 | Rubber, plastics, insulating and packing materials, flexible pipes |
| 18 | Leather and imitation leather, bags, luggage, wallets, umbrellas, saddlery |
| 19 | Non-metallic building materials, cement, natural stone, prefabricated structures |
| 20 | Furniture, mirrors, picture frames, non-metallic containers |
| 21 | Household and kitchen utensils, glassware and porcelain, cleaning implements |
| 22 | Ropes, string, nets, tents, sails, raw fibrous textile materials |
| 23 | Yarns and threads for textile use |
| 24 | Woven and non-woven fabrics, household textiles, bed and table covers |
| 25 | Clothing, footwear, headgear, **electrically heated socks** |
| 26 | Lace, embroidery, buttons, zips, trimmings, hair accessories |
| 27 | Carpets, rugs, floor and wall coverings, non-adhesive floor covers |
| 28 | Games, toys, sporting goods, decorations |
| 29 | Meat, fish, poultry, dairy products, edible oils, processed fruit and vegetables |
| 30 | Coffee, tea, sugar, flour and cereal preparations, confectionery, spices, ice cream |
| 31 | Unprocessed agricultural and horticultural products, seeds, live animals, animal feed |
| 32 | Beers, mineral waters, fruit juices, non-alcoholic beverages and syrups |
| 33 | Alcoholic beverages (except beers) |
| 34 | Tobacco and tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, smokers' articles |

## Services: Classes 35–45

| Class | Coverage |
| --- | --- |
| 35 | Advertising, marketing, business management, office functions, import-export agency and **the bringing together of goods for sale** (retail, store services, e-commerce operation) |
| 36 | Insurance, financial and banking services, real estate purchase, sale and management |
| 37 | Construction, contracting, repair, maintenance, installation, cleaning and mining services |
| 38 | Telecommunications, communications, radio and television broadcasting |
| 39 | Transport, freight, storage, packaging, travel arrangement, electricity and water distribution |
| 40 | Treatment of materials, contract manufacturing, printing, recycling, tailoring |
| 41 | Education and training, courses, seminars and conferences, entertainment, sporting and cultural activities, publishing |
| 42 | Scientific and technological services, **software development and SaaS**, engineering, design, quality control |
| 43 | Services for providing food and drink (restaurants, cafés, catering), temporary accommodation |
| 44 | Medical and veterinary services, **beauty and personal care**, agriculture and horticulture services |
| 45 | Legal services, security services, personal and social services |

## Sub-Groups: The Class Number Alone Is Not Enough

In the TÜRKPATENT list every class is divided into **sub-groups**. What you actually select in an application is not the class number but the sub-groups within it. Two practical consequences follow:

- **Scope is set at sub-group level.** Selecting a sub-group brings the whole of it into protection; you cannot carve out a single product from within it.
- **Similarity examination also looks at sub-groups.** TÜRKPATENT will, as a rule, treat goods and services within the same sub-group as similar. This is decisive in refusal and opposition assessments — see [Likelihood of Confusion](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/likelihood-of-confusion-in-trademark-law).

So saying "I have class 35" means little on its own; what matters is which sub-groups of class 35 you obtained. Retail services form their own sub-group of that class and do not fall within scope unless expressly claimed.

## What Changed in 2026?

TÜRKPATENT Communiqué 2026/2 (Official Gazette, 26 February 2026, no. 33180) brought the 13th edition of the Nice Classification into force. The number of classes and the general structure were preserved; the principal changes are:

- Spectacles and sunglasses moved **from class 9 to class 10**.
- Electrically heated socks moved **from class 11 to class 25**.
- Machine brake linings were added to class 7; clutch linings for land vehicles and firefighting vehicles to class 12.
- The first and second sub-groups of class 41 were merged.
- When retail and wholesale services are described in class 35, only **goods groups** may be listed; service groups cannot be shown within that scope.

For applications filed after 1 January 2026, the necessary adjustments are made by TÜRKPATENT of its own motion and free of charge. Earlier applications are not updated automatically — if your portfolio contains older registrations, it is worth checking that their scope still matches what you actually do.

## Which Class Does Your Sector Fall Into?

The list is a starting point. The real question is which classes your *business model* maps onto. Even within one sector, a manufacturer, a retailer and a service provider fall into different classes. We have prepared detailed decision guides for the sectors we are asked about most:

- [Which trademark class does software fall into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-software) — downloadable software, SaaS and development services
- [Which trademark class does e-commerce fall into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-e-commerce) — own-brand, reseller and marketplace models
- [Restaurants](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-restaurants), [clothing](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-clothing-brands), [cosmetics](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-cosmetics-brands)
- [Beauty salons](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-beauty-salons), [construction](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-construction-companies), [education](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-education-services)
- [Consulting](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-consulting-services), [mobile apps](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-mobile-apps), [social media and digital services](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-social-media-and-digital-services)

Class 35 attracts the most applications and the most mistakes, so we treated it separately: [Class 35: Retail and Store Services](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/class-35-trademark-registration-retail-services).

## Class Count and Cost

Under the TÜRKPATENT fee schedule the application fee depends on the number of classes selected: a single fee applies up to a certain number of classes, after which each additional class is charged separately. Renewal fees are also calculated on the number of classes covered. A class added today "just in case" therefore becomes a recurring cost for as long as the mark lives.

How many classes are right is a question of strategy as much as budget; we address it in [How Many Classes Should a Trademark Cover?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-many-classes-should-a-trademark-cover). For current figures see [Trademark Registration Fees in Türkiye](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-fees-in-turkey-2026).

## Before You Choose: Search

Identifying the right class is half the equation. The other half is whether your mark is actually available in those classes. If an identical or similar mark is already registered there, your application may be refused or opposed.

Running a [similar-mark search](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-do-a-trademark-search) before filing is the shortest route to seeing that risk before any official fee is paid. The search must cover not only identical names but marks that are close in sound and appearance.

## Get Your Scope Right

The class list is public; the expertise lies in translating a business's actual activity into it. A scope that is wrong or incomplete is usually discovered only after the certificate arrives, and the only remedy then is a fresh application.

If you are not certain which classes your mark needs, our [trademark registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-tescil) team can prepare a scope recommendation based on your field of activity.

## Sources

- [WIPO — Nice Classification](https://www.wipo.int/en/web/classification-nice) (wipo.int) — 45 classes: 1–34 goods, 35–45 services
- [Industrial Property Law No. 6769 (Türkiye)](https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6769&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5) (mevzuat.gov.tr) — Art. 11: filing requirements and classification

## Frequently Asked Questions

### How many trademark classes are there?

There are 45 in total. Classes 1–34 cover goods and classes 35–45 cover services. The structure comes from the Nice Agreement, to which Türkiye is a party, and TÜRKPATENT brings the list into national practice through its own communiqué.

### What does a trademark class actually do?

It defines the commercial territory in which your mark is protected. Protection arises only for the classes you select and, within them, for the goods and services you actually list. Outside that scope, third parties may use and register the same or a similar mark.

### Do I have to claim an entire class?

No. You may select only the goods and services you actually use or plan to use in the near future. However, once a sub-group in the TÜRKPATENT list is selected, the whole of that sub-group falls within your scope — you cannot narrow protection below sub-group level.

### Did the trademark classes change in 2026?

Yes. TÜRKPATENT Communiqué 2026/2 entered into force on 26 February 2026, adopting the 13th edition of the Nice Classification and repealing the previous Communiqué 2024/2. The number of classes remains 45; the changes concern the movement of certain goods between classes and the merger of the first two sub-groups of class 41.

### Can I add a class later?

No class can be added to an existing application or registration. Protection in a new field requires a separate application, which then queues behind any third-party applications filed in the meantime.

## Related Resources

- [Trademark Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-tescil): Explains how a trademark application is handled before TÜRKPATENT, from the preliminary search and class selection to the registration certificate.
- [Trademark Watch](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-izleme): Covers monitoring similar applications published in the Official Trademark Bulletin and reporting them before the opposition period ends.
- [How to Choose Trademark Classes: A 5-Step Method](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-classes-and-nice-classification): How do you choose trademark classes? A five-step method for translating your business into goods and services classes, how to draft scope, and the mistakes to avoid.
- [How Many Classes Should a Trademark Cover?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-many-classes-should-a-trademark-cover): How many classes should you register? The balance of use, risk and cost that sets the number, and the real price of both too few and too many classes.
- [What Happens If You Choose the Wrong Trademark Class?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/wrong-trademark-class-consequences): Registered in the wrong class? Protection does not arise where you expected it. The effect of missing, excess and mistaken classes, and what can be fixed.
- [What Is Class 35 Trademark Registration? Retail and Store Services](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/class-35-trademark-registration-retail-services): What does Class 35 trademark registration cover? Its importance for retail, store operation, e-commerce and advertising services, sub-groups, and common mistakes.
- [How to Draft the Goods and Services List for a Trademark in Turkey](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/drafting-the-goods-and-services-list): How to draft a trademark goods and services list in Turkey: subgroups, broad vs. selective lists, Class 35 retail services, fee item 02.01.34 and an example.
- [Which Class Are Cosmetics Brands Registered In?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-cosmetics-brands): Cosmetics brands are registered in class 3; dermocosmetics and supplements may fall into class 5 and treatment services into class 44. A guide by product type.