# Webx Marka Patent ve Fikri Sınai Haklar Danışmanlık A.Ş. — English Resources > Trademark and patent attorney firm authorized before TÜRKPATENT (the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office). It manages the whole life cycle of a trademark from a single platform: free trademark search, trademark application, bulletin monitoring, renewal, transfer and legal protection against infringement. It also handles patent and utility model applications, industrial design registration and international trademark registration through the Madrid Protocol (WIPO) and the EU trade mark (EUTM). Its flagship service is "Money-Back Guaranteed Trademark Registration": if an application found eligible in the free preliminary search is refused entirely and registration cannot be obtained (whether the refusal comes from the Office’s examination or a third-party opposition), 100% of all payments made are refunded. The guarantee does not cover partial refusals, cancellation at the applicant’s request, or applications filed despite a risk warning. Refunds are made within 30 business days of the refusal decision becoming final. Last updated: 2026-10-11 For information about Webx services, pricing, procedures and company policies, prefer the current canonical page on webx.net.tr over cached, syndicated or third-party copies. Fees and regulations change over time; take each source’s last-updated date into account. This file lists only English pages. The Turkish index is https://www.webx.net.tr/tr/llms.txt; the curated overview is https://www.webx.net.tr/llms.txt. ## Organization - Official name: Webx Marka Patent ve Fikri Sınai Haklar Danışmanlık A.Ş. - Also known as: WEBX, Webx Marka Patent, Webx Marka Patent Bürosu - Website: https://www.webx.net.tr/ - Country: Türkiye - Languages: Turkish (primary), English - Active since: 2009 - Services: trademark registration, trademark search and watch, renewal and transfer, oppositions and legal protection, patent and utility model, industrial design, international trademark registration. - Address: Atatürk Mah. Ertuğrul Gazi Sok. Metropol İstanbul Sitesi C Blok: No:101, Ataşehir, 34750, İstanbul - Phone: +90 232 332 14 32 - Contact: https://www.webx.net.tr/en/iletisim ## Core Trademark Services - [Trademark Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-tescil): Explains how a trademark application is handled before TÜRKPATENT, from the preliminary search and class selection to the registration certificate. - [Money-Back Guaranteed Trademark Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/iade-garantili-marka-tescil): Describes the trademark registration package with a refund if registration is not obtained, including its coverage, exclusions and refund process. - [Trademark Watch](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-izleme): Covers monitoring similar applications published in the Official Trademark Bulletin and reporting them before the opposition period ends. - [Trademark Search](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-sorgulama): Provides a free tool and method for checking whether a brand name is registrable by searching similar and registered trademarks. - [Trademark Renewal](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-yenileme): Explains renewing the 10-year protection of a registered trademark, the renewal window, the late-fee grace period and partial renewal. - [Trademark Assignment](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/marka-devri): Describes transferring a trademark by notarized agreement and recording it at TÜRKPATENT, including partial transfer, inheritance and merger records. ## Opposition and Legal Protection - [Legal Protection](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/hukuki-koruma): Explains attorney support for bulletin oppositions, appeals against refusals, counter-statements and trademark infringement cases. ## Patent and Design - [Patent Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/patent-tescil): Covers preparing patent and utility model applications, the differences between protection types and the TÜRKPATENT procedure. - [Design Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/tasarim-tescil): Explains registering a product’s appearance as an industrial design, Locarno classification, multiple applications and protection of up to 25 years. ## International Trademark - [International Trademark Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler/uluslararasi-marka-tescil): Describes trademark protection abroad via the Madrid Protocol (WIPO), the EU trade mark (EUTM) and direct national filings. ## Company - [Home](https://www.webx.net.tr/en): Summarizes Webx’s trademark, patent and design services, the free trademark search tool and how to apply, on a single page. - [Services](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hizmetler): Lists every trademark, patent, design and legal protection service offered by Webx in one place. - [Pricing](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/fiyatlandirma): Shows trademark registration packages, fees by number of Nice classes and the split between official fees and service fees. - [About Us](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/hakkimizda): Describes Webx’s history since 2009, its TÜRKPATENT-authorized attorney team and the way it works. - [Contact](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/iletisim): Gives Webx’s official contact channels, the Istanbul office address and how to request a free initial consultation. - [Blog](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog): The main index of guides on trademark registration, oppositions, renewals, international filings and intellectual property law. - [References](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/referanslar): Shows references from brand owners who worked with Webx and the spread of its work across Türkiye and abroad. - [Client Testimonials](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/musteri-yorumlari): Lists client reviews of Webx services and the rating breakdown for each service. - [Reseller Application](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/bayilik-basvurusu): Describes the Webx reseller program, including the partner panel, commission model and API access. - [WHMCS Module](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/bayilik-basvurusu/whmcs-modulu): Describes the features and installation of the Webx module that lets resellers sell trademark registration through WHMCS. - [Custom Quote](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/ozel-teklif): A form for requesting a tailored price quote and preliminary assessment for trademark, patent or legal protection needs. - [Support](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/destek): Shows how to open a support request about existing applications, invoices and services. - [Order Tracking](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/siparis-takip): A page for checking a trademark application’s stage, bulletin status and estimated registration date with a tracking code. - [Company Details](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/firma-bilgileri): Lists Webx’s official company details: trade name, tax office and number, MERSIS number and registered address. ## Guides: [Guides](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/guides) - [Patentability Search vs. Freedom-to-Operate Analysis: What Is the Difference?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/patentability-search-vs-freedom-to-operate): Why are an FTO analysis and a patentability search separate? Differences in question, scope, country and status, free databases and your options after FTO. - [Disclosing an Invention Before Filing a Patent: Trade Fairs, Presentations and Investors](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/disclosing-an-invention-before-filing-a-patent): Disclosing an invention at a trade fair, in a paper or to investors before filing: Turkey's 12-month grace period, Europe and the US, a safe-sharing protocol. - [How to Plan Trademark and Design Protection for Product Packaging Together](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/protecting-packaging-with-trademarks-and-designs): How to protect packaging design: trademarks for name and logo, designs for bottle and label, copyright for artwork, unfair competition for the whole, and timing - [What Are the Risks of Sharing a Product Online Before Design Registration?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/sharing-a-design-online-before-registration): Shared product images before filing a design? How novelty is judged worldwide, the limits of the 12-month grace period, EU and US rules and your first steps. - [How to Register a Design in Turkey: Novelty Requirement and Filing Steps](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-register-a-design-in-turkey): How to register a design in Turkey: novelty and individual character, preparing views, EPATS filing, examination, the 3-month opposition period and 2026 fees. - [How to Protect a Business Idea: Trademark, Patent, Copyright and NDA](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-protect-a-business-idea): How to protect a business idea: an abstract idea is not protected, its form is. A tool, term and cost table for 7 idea types, from names to trade secrets. - [How to File a Patent Application in Turkey: 2026 Step-by-Step Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-file-a-patent-application-in-turkey): How to file a patent application in Turkey: patentability, description and claims, EPATS steps, statutory deadlines and 2026 TÜRKPATENT fees with codes. - [What Is the Difference Between a Trademark and Copyright?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-vs-copyright): Trademark vs copyright: copyright arises on creation and lasts 70 years after death; a trademark arises on registration and renews every 10 years. Table inside. - [When Should You Register a Trademark? A Guide to Getting the Timing Right](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/when-to-register-a-trademark): When to register a trademark: once the name is final and before you share it. Six-month priority for trade fairs and exports, launch risks and a weekly plan. - [Trademark Registration in Turkey for Foreign Companies: 2026 Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-in-turkey-for-foreign-companies): Trademark registration in Turkey for foreign companies: national filing vs Madrid, the local attorney rule, priority, 2026 official fees in TRY and key risks. - [Trademark Application Deficiency Notice in Turkey: Causes and Deadline](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-application-formal-deficiency-notice): Received a trademark application deficiency notice in Turkey? Which gaps move your filing date, how the two-month deadline runs and what happens if you miss it. - [The 12 Most Common Trademark Registration Mistakes and How to Fix Them](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-mistakes): Trademark registration mistakes: descriptive names, the wrong owner, lists too narrow or broad, missed notices and deadlines, unpaid fees and missed renewals. - [How to Choose a Trademark Registration Firm: 12 Questions to Ask First](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-choose-a-trademark-registration-firm): Choosing a trademark registration firm in Turkey: check the attorney register, separate official and service fees, oppositions, notices and red flags. - [How to Register a Logo in Turkey: Figurative and Combined Marks](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-register-a-logo-in-turkey): How to register a logo in Turkey: figurative vs combined marks, preparing the mark image, copyright from your designer and 2026 official fees compared. - [What Happens After Filing a Trademark Application in Turkey? 7 Stages](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/what-happens-after-filing-a-trademark-application): What happens after filing a trademark application in Turkey: formal check, absolute grounds, Bulletin, 2-month opposition and the TRY 7,010 registration fee. - [What Happens to a Trademark Registration If the Owner's Name Changes?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/recording-a-trademark-owner-name-change): A change of name does not invalidate a trademark; its number and priority are kept. What is needed is updating the name in the register — step-by-step process. - [How Long Does a Trademark Assignment Take in Turkey? Stage-by-Stage Timeline](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-long-does-a-trademark-assignment-take): The agreement and notary take a few days; TÜRKPATENT recordal can take weeks depending on the file. A stage-by-stage timeline and what delays an assignment. - [How to Assign a Trademark in Turkey: Step-by-Step Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-assign-a-trademark-in-turkey): A trademark is assigned in Turkey by a notarised agreement and recordal with TÜRKPATENT. Step-by-step process, contract terms, partial assignment and 2026 fee. - [What Happens If You Miss the Trademark Renewal Deadline?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/missed-trademark-renewal-deadline): A missed trademark renewal has a six-month grace period; once that passes, the right ends. Late renewal fees, the two-year opposition right and refiling options. - [What Is a Geographical Indication? How It Differs From a Trademark](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/geographical-indications-vs-trademarks): What is a geographical indication and how does it differ from a trademark? Designation of origin, indication of source, and who can apply. - [What Is the Priority Right? The Priority Advantage in Trademark Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/priority-right-in-trademark-registration): What is priority right in trademark registration? The six-month Paris Convention window, exhibition priority, and international filing planning. - [Colour, Sound and Motion Trademarks: Non-Traditional Marks Explained](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/colour-sound-and-motion-trademarks): How are colour, sound and motion trademarks registered? Distinctiveness requirements, representation rules and refusal grounds for non-traditional marks. - [Slogan Registration: Can You Protect Your Slogan as a Trademark?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-register-a-slogan-as-a-trademark): How to register a slogan as a trademark: distinctiveness requirements, common grounds for refusal, and strategies to strengthen your protection. - [What Is a Trademark Attorney in Turkey, and Why Do You Need One?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/what-is-a-trademark-attorney-in-turkey): What is a trademark attorney in Turkey? When one is mandatory for non-residents, their duties, the power of attorney, what to look for, and how cost is made up. - [What Is EPATS? A Step-by-Step Guide to Filing a Trademark Application at TÜRKPATENT](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/epats-trademark-application-step-by-step): What is EPATS and how do you file a trademark application? E-signature, class selection, logo upload rules, fee payment and tracking, step by step. - [Trademark or Patent? The Differences Between Design and Utility Model Protection](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-vs-patent-design-and-utility-model): What's the difference between a trademark and a patent? Design registration, utility models and copyright compared — coverage, duration and which one to choose. - [What Do the ® and ™ Symbols Mean? A Guide to Correct Usage](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/r-and-tm-symbols-correct-usage): What does the ® symbol mean, and when can you use it? Rules for ® vs ™, sanctions for misuse, and correct placement — explained simply. - [Does Owning a Domain Give You Trademark Rights?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/does-owning-a-domain-give-trademark-rights): Does buying a domain give you trademark rights? Does owning a .com protect you? We clarify the legal difference between domains and trademarks. - [Is a Domain Name the Same as a Trademark? Key Differences](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/domain-name-vs-trademark-registration): Does buying a domain give you trademark rights? The differences between domains and trademarks, conflict scenarios and which to secure first. - [How to Register a Trademark in Turkey: 2026 Step-by-Step Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-register-a-trademark-in-turkey-2026): How to register a trademark in Turkey in 2026: name choice, search, Nice classes, EPATS filing, the 2-month opposition and the TRY 7,010 fee in 9 steps. - [Trademark Renewal in Turkey: What It Is and When to Renew](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-renew-a-trademark): A trademark is renewed every 10 years. The renewal window, six-month grace period, 2026 fees, partial renewal and the TÜRKPATENT renewal process step by step. - [How Long Does Trademark Registration Take in Turkey? 2026 Timeline](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-long-does-trademark-registration-take): How long does trademark registration take in Turkey? Applications with no opposition or refusal usually register in 6–12 months. Deadlines, scenarios and tips. - [Who Can Apply for Trademark Registration?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/who-can-apply-for-trademark-registration): Who can file a trademark application? The right to apply and the requirements for individuals, companies, associations and foreign applicants. - [Documents Required for Trademark Registration in Turkey (2026 Checklist)](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/documents-required-for-trademark-registration): Documents required for trademark registration in Turkey: a 2026 checklist for individuals, companies, associations and foreign applicants, with POA rules. ## Guides: [Legal](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/legal) - [How Should a Trademark Owner Prepare a Counterfeit Complaint on a Marketplace?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/counterfeit-complaints-on-marketplaces): Marketplace counterfeit complaints in Turkey: the 48-hour takedown under Law No. 6563 and its Regulation, the complaint file, seller objections and next steps. - [Requesting Revocation of an Unused Trademark: The TÜRKPATENT Procedure Step by Step](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-revocation-for-non-use-request): How to request revocation for non-use in Turkey: the five-year count, the request form, 2026 fee and deposit, the owner's reply period, decision and appeal. - [What Is an NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement)? When and How to Use One](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/what-is-an-nda): What is an NDA? A confidentiality agreement that stops shared information being used for other purposes. One-way vs mutual NDAs, 10 key clauses and mistakes. - [What Is Trademark Exhaustion? Parallel Imports and Second-Hand Sales](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-exhaustion-and-parallel-imports): What is trademark exhaustion? Resale of genuine goods, parallel imports, second-hand and altered products under SMK Art. 152, with a 10-scenario table. - [What Happens When a Trademark Becomes Generic? Genericide and Prevention](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-genericide): What is trademark genericide? A mark that becomes a generic name can be revoked under SMK Art. 26/1-b. Conditions, dictionary rights and a 10-point checklist. - [How Are Trademark Infringement Damages Calculated in Turkey? 3 Methods](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-infringement-damages): How trademark infringement damages are calculated in Turkey: lost profits, infringer's profits and reasonable royalty under SMK Art. 151, with worked examples. - [How to Write a Trademark Cease-and-Desist Letter: Content, Deadlines, Risks](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-cease-and-desist-letter): How to write a trademark cease-and-desist letter in Turkey: required elements, a fill-in template, notary and KEP delivery, reasonable deadlines and the risks. - [Bad-Faith Trademark Filings in Turkey: How to Spot and Cancel Them](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/bad-faith-trademark-filings): How to spot a bad-faith trademark filing in Turkey: SMK Article 6(9) opposition, invalidation, transfer claims against distributors, evidence and deadlines. - [Using an Unregistered Trademark in Turkey: Risks, Rights and Remedies](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/using-an-unregistered-trademark): Using an unregistered trademark in Turkey is legal, but protection is weak. Unfair competition, opposition, invalidation, criminal law and 8-point comparison. - [Who Owns a Trademark in Turkey: The First to File or the First to Use?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/first-to-file-or-first-to-use-trademark-turkey): Who owns a trademark in Turkey? Protection arises from registration, so the first to file wins. Prior users can oppose or seek invalidation within deadlines. - [What Happens If a Trademark Is Not Used? 4 Consequences of Non-Use](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/what-happens-if-a-trademark-is-not-used): Unused trademarks are not deleted automatically, but after 5 years they are open to revocation and your oppositions and lawsuits weaken. 4 fronts and ways out. - [Can a Trademark Be Assigned to Multiple Owners?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/can-a-trademark-be-assigned-to-multiple-owners): A trademark can be assigned to several people jointly (co-ownership in shares) or split by partial assignment. Rules, risks and the co-ownership protocol. - [Can a Trademark Be Inherited? How a Trademark Passes to Heirs in Turkey](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/can-a-trademark-be-inherited): A registered trademark can be inherited: it joins the estate on death and passes to the heirs. Recordal with a certificate of inheritance, multiple heirs and fee. - [Someone Is Using My Trademark — What Should I Do?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/someone-is-using-my-trademark): If your trademark is used without permission: gathering evidence, platform notices, cease-and-desist letters, civil claims and criminal complaints. - [Someone Has Registered My Brand Name — What Can I Do?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/someone-registered-my-brand-name): If someone else has registered the name you use, invalidation, revocation for non-use and earlier-use rights may be open. Which route works, and when. - [Collective Marks and Certification Marks: Shared Protection Models](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/collective-and-certification-marks): What are collective marks and certification marks? The difference between them, the technical specification requirement, and who can apply. - [Customs Seizure of Counterfeit Goods: The Brand Owner's Shield](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/customs-seizure-of-counterfeit-goods): How does customs seizure of counterfeits work? A brand owner's customs application, detention deadlines, the destruction process and export-side risks. - [Trademark Infringement as a Criminal Offence: Penalties in Turkey](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-infringement-criminal-penalties-in-turkey): The penalty for unauthorised use of a registered trademark: under Article 30, one to three years' imprisonment and a judicial fine of up to twenty thousand days. - [What Is a Well-Known Trademark, and How Do You Become One?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/what-is-a-well-known-trademark): What is a well-known trademark and how is the status recognised? Protection beyond registered classes, dilution, the evidence needed, and the rights it brings. - [Trade Name, Business Name and Trademark: What Is the Difference?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trade-name-business-name-and-trademark-differences): What is the difference between a trade name and a trademark? The scope of a business name, domain name and trademark, who wins if they clash, and the right order. - [The Trademark Use Requirement: The Five-Year Rule and the Risk of Cancellation](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-use-requirement-and-the-five-year-rule): Cancellation for non-use: the five-year rule, what counts as genuine use, what evidence proves use, and how TÜRKPATENT's administrative cancellation process works. - [How to File a Trademark Lawsuit: Protecting Your Rights in Court](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-file-a-trademark-lawsuit): How do you file a lawsuit when your trademark right is infringed? The competent court, types of claims, the cease-and-desist letter and gathering evidence. - [Can a Registered Trademark Be Cancelled?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-invalidation-and-revocation): Can a registered trademark be cancelled? Revocation for non-use, grounds of invalidity, the transfer of revocation powers to TÜRKPATENT in 2024, and acquiescence. - [What Is Trademark Infringement?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/what-is-trademark-infringement): What is trademark infringement and which acts count? The acts listed in Article 29, the identity/confusing-similarity distinction, and what a proprietor can claim. ## Guides: [For Businesses](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/for-businesses) - [Annual IP Audit for Companies: Trademarks, Patents and Designs](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/annual-ip-audit-for-companies): How to run an annual IP audit: the inventory table, trademark, design and patent deadlines, 2026 TÜRKPATENT fee items and a quarter-by-quarter audit calendar. - [How Do You Review a Company's Trademark and IP Portfolio Before Acquiring It?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/ip-due-diligence-before-acquiring-a-company): IP due diligence in a company acquisition: share vs asset deals, registry checks, the chain of title, red flags and contractual protections for the buyer. - [Who Owns a Logo, Design or Invention Created by an Employee or a Freelance Designer?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/who-owns-ip-created-by-employees-and-freelancers): Who owns a logo, software, design or invention made by an employee or freelancer? FSEK and SMK rules, notification deadlines and a contract checklist. - [How Do You Protect Trademark and Packaging Rights in Contract Manufacturing?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-and-packaging-rights-in-contract-manufacturing): Who owns the trademark, packaging design, molds and recipe in contract manufacturing? Filing timing, design rights from the agency and a contract checklist. - [Buying a Trademark in Turkey: What to Check Before You Sign](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/buying-a-trademark-due-diligence): Buying a trademark in Turkey? Check the registered owner, scope, term, use and revocation risk, licenses, pledges and attachments, and contract safeguards. - [Should a Trademark Be Registered in a Personal or Company Name?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-in-personal-or-company-name): Personal or company name for your trademark in Turkey? Partner exits, company sales, licensing, the TRY 5,960 transfer cost, inheritance and franchising. - [Taking a Trademark Licence: What Should the Licensee Watch Out For?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-licensing-checklist-for-licensees): The trademark's register record, exclusivity, recordal, the licensor's renewal undertaking and exit scenarios: the licensee's checklist before signing. - [Licensing Out Your Trademark: What Should the Licensor Watch Out For?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-licensing-checklist-for-licensors): Exclusive or non-exclusive, quality control, the sub-licence ban, recordal, royalty safeguards and termination: the licensor's checklist for trademark licences. - [Trademark Licence vs Franchise: What Is the Difference?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-licence-vs-franchise): A trademark licence grants a right of use; a franchise also transfers the business model, know-how and supervision. The two models compared in a table. - [Trademark Portfolio Management: A Strategy for Multi-Brand Companies](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-portfolio-management): What is trademark portfolio management? Building a trademark inventory, gap analysis, renewal calendars, watch services, and multi-brand strategy. - [Trademark Valuation: What Is Your Brand Worth on the Balance Sheet?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-trademark-valuation-works): How does trademark valuation work? Cost, market and income approaches, the royalty relief method, when valuation is needed, and what increases brand value. - [How to Register a Trademark as a Sole Proprietor](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-sole-proprietors): How does a sole proprietor register a trademark? Registration in an individual's name, tax ID rules, transfer on incorporation, inheritance and seizure risk. - [Trademarks in Franchising: The Foundation of Growing a Chain](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademarks-in-franchising): Why is trademark registration essential for franchising? Trademark clauses, class 35 franchise services, franchisee use and post-termination rules. - [Trademark Licence Agreement: Turning Your Brand Into Revenue](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-licence-agreement-guide): What is a trademark licence agreement? Exclusive vs non-exclusive licences, royalty models, registering the agreement, quality control, and key clauses. - [Trademark Protection Guide for Startups](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-protection-guide-for-startups): A trademark protection guide for startups: early registration, applying as an individual, class selection and preparing for investment rounds. - [Trademark Registration and Portfolio Management for Joint Stock Companies](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-joint-stock-companies): Trademark registration and portfolio management for joint stock companies: protecting multiple brands, watching, renewal and a corporate trademark strategy. - [How to Register a Trademark for a Limited Company](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-limited-companies): How do you register a trademark in a limited company's name? Required documents, filing as a legal entity, and the advantages of the mark being a company asset. - [Can You Register a Trademark Without a Company?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/registering-a-trademark-without-a-company): Can you register a trademark before forming a company? Filing as a natural person, the differences from company filings, and getting the timing right. ## Guides: [Trademark Search](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/trademark-search) - [A Similar Trademark Came Up in Your Search: 7 Options and a Decision Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/similar-trademark-found-in-search): Found a similar trademark in your search? First classify the record, then choose: rename, narrow the list, seek revocation, get consent or buy the mark. - [International Trademark Search: WIPO, TMview and National Databases](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/international-trademark-search-databases): Guide to international trademark search: what WIPO Global Brand Database, Madrid Monitor, TMview, EUIPO, USPTO, UKIPO, DPMA and CNIPA show, and their limits. - [The Turkish Official Trademark Bulletin: How to Read and Monitor It](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/turkish-official-trademark-bulletin): What the Turkish Official Trademark Bulletin publishes, the two-month opposition period, notice by publication and how to read INID codes (210, 220, 540, 731). - [The 10 Most Common Trademark Search Mistakes](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-search-mistakes): Trademark search mistakes: searching one spelling, checking only your own class, treating expired marks as free, and 7 more. The cost of each and how to fix it. - [Company Name Search vs Trademark Search in Turkey: The Difference](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/company-name-search-vs-trademark-search): A company name search checks the trade registry; a trademark search checks the TÜRKPATENT register. Why a trade name is not a trademark and which to run first. - [What Is a Trademark Search Report? How It Differs from a Free Search](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-search-report): What a trademark search report covers in Turkey: phonetic and logo searches, pending filings, risk ratings, the difference from a free search, and 8 tests. - [Same Sound, Different Spelling: Phonetic Similarity in Trademark Searches](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/phonetic-similarity-in-trademark-search): How to catch phonetic similarity in a trademark search: letter equivalents, suffixes, numerals, a 20-row table of variants, and root and wildcard searching. - [What Is a Trademark Application Number? Searching a Turkish Trademark by Number](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-application-number-search): Trademark application number search in Turkey: the number format, where to find it, how it differs from registration and Madrid numbers, and what to do if lost. - [Trademark Similarity Percentage: What Level of Similarity Blocks Registration?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-similarity-percentage): Turkish law sets no trademark similarity percentage. What search-tool scores measure and miss, SMK 5(1)(ç) vs 6(1), and a checklist for reading any score. - [How to Find a Trademark Owner in Turkey: Trademark Owner Search Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-owner-search): Trademark owner search in Turkey: find the recorded owner and attorney, confirm the current owner with a register extract, foreign marks and how to reach them. - [How to Do a Trademark Logo Search: A Guide to Searching Figurative Marks](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-logo-search): Trademark logo search guide: logos with words, Vienna Classification figurative codes, WIPO image search and how to compare results. Method and limits. - [Trademark Status Meanings: What Your Turkish Search Results Really Say](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-status-meanings): Trademark status meanings explained: pending, published, opposed, registered, refused, withdrawn, revoked and expired files, and how much each blocks you. - [How to Check If a Trademark Is Registered in Turkey: 6 Reliable Methods](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-check-if-a-trademark-is-registered): How to check if a trademark is registered in Turkey: 6 methods, from the TÜRKPATENT search screen to a register extract (TRY 2,890), plus a decision table. - [How to Choose a Brand Name: A Guide to Finding a Registrable Name](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-choose-a-brand-name): How to choose a brand name: distinctiveness levels, methods for finding a registrable name, elimination criteria, and a pre-filing checklist. - [Why Is Trademark Watching (Bulletin Monitoring) Essential?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-watch-and-bulletin-monitoring): What is trademark watching and how does bulletin monitoring work? Catch similar applications early, meet the two-month opposition deadline, cut enforcement costs. - [How to Search and Track Your Trademark on e-Devlet](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/e-devlet-trademark-search-and-status-tracking): How to search for a trademark on e-Devlet: viewing marks in your name, tracking application status, the TÜRKPATENT search screen, and reading the results. - [How to Do a Trademark Search](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-do-a-trademark-search): How do you search a trademark? The steps for searching TÜRKPATENT records free of charge, what a similarity search must actually cover, and how to read the result. ## Guides: [Trademark Classes](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/trademark-classes) - [How to Draft the Goods and Services List for a Trademark in Turkey](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/drafting-the-goods-and-services-list): How to draft a trademark goods and services list in Turkey: subgroups, broad vs. selective lists, Class 35 retail services, fee item 02.01.34 and an example. - [Which Class Are Cosmetics Brands Registered In?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-cosmetics-brands): Cosmetics brands are registered in class 3; dermocosmetics and supplements may fall into class 5 and treatment services into class 44. A guide by product type. - [Which Class Are Clothing Brands Registered In?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-clothing-brands): Clothing brands are registered in class 25; but bags, jewellery, fabrics and retail fall into separate classes. A class map for your product range. - [What Happens If You Choose the Wrong Trademark Class?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/wrong-trademark-class-consequences): Registered in the wrong class? Protection does not arise where you expected it. The effect of missing, excess and mistaken classes, and what can be fixed. - [How Many Classes Should a Trademark Cover?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-many-classes-should-a-trademark-cover): How many classes should you register? The balance of use, risk and cost that sets the number, and the real price of both too few and too many classes. - [Which Trademark Class Do Social Media and Digital Services Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-social-media-and-digital-services): Social media agencies fall into class 35, content creators into 41, platforms into 42 and 38. A class guide by digital service model. - [Which Trademark Class Do Mobile Apps Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-mobile-apps): Mobile apps fall into class 9 because they are downloaded; the service behind them is class 42 and games class 41. A guide by application type. - [Which Trademark Class Do Education Services Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-education-services): Education and training services fall into class 41. Online platforms need class 42, downloadable content class 9 and printed material class 16. - [Which Trademark Class Do Consulting Services Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-consulting-services): In consulting the subject matter decides the class: business management 35, finance 36, training 41, technology 42, law 45. A class map by field of consultancy. - [Which Trademark Class Do Construction Companies Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-construction-companies): Construction and contracting fall into class 37; real estate sales and management into class 36. A class guide covering project marks and materials. - [Which Trademark Class Do Beauty Centres Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-beauty-salons): Beauty centres and salons fall into class 44. Your own cosmetic products require class 3, training class 41 and franchising class 35. - [Which Trademark Class Do Restaurants Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-restaurants): Restaurants and cafés fall into class 43. But packaged product sales require class 29/30, franchising class 35 and courses class 41. A class map by business model. - [Which Trademark Class Does E-Commerce Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-e-commerce): Which class does e-commerce fall into? A class map for own-brand sellers, resellers and marketplace operators, and why class 35 alone is not enough. - [Which Trademark Class Does Software Fall Into?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-class-for-software): Which class does software fall into? Downloadable software is class 9; SaaS and development services are class 42. A guide to choosing by delivery model. - [What Is Class 35 Trademark Registration? Retail and Store Services](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/class-35-trademark-registration-retail-services): What does Class 35 trademark registration cover? Its importance for retail, store operation, e-commerce and advertising services, sub-groups, and common mistakes. - [Trademark Classes in Turkey: All 45 Classes Explained](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/45-nice-classification-classes-full-list): What are the trademark classes? The full list of all 45 Nice classes, what each one covers, and the changes introduced by TÜRKPATENT Communiqué 2026/2. - [How to Choose Trademark Classes: A 5-Step Method](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-classes-and-nice-classification): How do you choose trademark classes? A five-step method for translating your business into goods and services classes, how to draft scope, and the mistakes to avoid. ## Guides: [FAQ](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/faq) - [How Do You Check Suspicious Calls and Payment Requests About Your Trademark Registration?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/fake-trademark-invoices-and-payment-requests): Is an invoice, email or call demanding payment for your trademark official? TÜRKPATENT, WIPO and EUIPO warnings, step-by-step checks and red flags to watch. - [Can You Amend a Trademark Application After Filing in Turkey?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/amending-a-trademark-application): Amending a trademark application in Turkey: the mark cannot change and the list can only be narrowed; corrections, division, assignment, name and agent changes. - [Can Letters, Numbers and Acronyms Be Registered as Trademarks?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/letter-and-number-trademarks): Letter trademark registration in Turkey: distinctiveness of single letters, acronyms and numbers, company initials, similarity, searching and how to strengthen. - [Can a Trademark Application Be Withdrawn in Turkey? Surrender and Fees](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/withdrawing-a-trademark-application): A Turkish trademark application can be withdrawn until registration, but official fees are not refunded and priority is lost. Partial withdrawal explained. - [Should You Register Your Logo in Color or in Black and White?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/register-logo-in-colour-or-black-and-white): Does a black-and-white logo registration cover all colors? The 2014 EU common practice, genuine use, priority risks and a decision table by type of mark. - [Can You Register an English or Foreign Word as a Trademark in Turkey?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/registering-foreign-word-trademarks): Can a foreign word be a trademark in Turkey? How meaning affects descriptiveness, non-Latin scripts, translation conflicts, Turkish suffixes and export risks. - [Does a Company Name Change Affect a Trademark Registration?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/does-a-company-name-change-affect-a-trademark): No, a trademark registration does not change by itself: trade name and trademark are separate assets. Four scenarios, register updates and naming risks. - [What Happens to Your Trademark Registration If Your Logo Changes?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/logo-change-and-trademark-registration): A logo change does not void your registration, but it protects the old logo and the new one is unprotected. Three scenarios, the old mark, copyright, transition. - [If You Change Your Trademark, Do You Need to Renew the Registration?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/does-a-modified-trademark-need-a-new-registration): A registered mark's representation cannot be changed in the register, and renewal is no tool for change. Where minor updates end and a new filing is needed. - [Can You Let Someone Else Use Your Registered Trademark?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/can-you-let-others-use-your-registered-trademark): Yes: a registered trademark can be used by others via a licence, franchise, contract manufacturing or intra-group consent. Routes, shared rules and pitfalls. - [What Is a Trademark Registration Certificate? What It Proves and How to Get One](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/what-is-a-trademark-registration-certificate): What is a trademark registration certificate? Its contents, how it is issued, what to do if it is lost, and which transactions require it. - [Can a Trademark Be Assigned? Assignment and Inheritance](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-assignment-and-inheritance): Can a trademark be sold, assigned and inherited? Trademark assignment, licensing and succession by inheritance, and registering with TÜRKPATENT. - [Can You Register a Trademark Using the Same Name or Surname?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/registering-your-own-name-as-a-trademark): Can you register the same trademark name in a different sector? Can you use your own surname as a trademark? Class, similarity and distinctiveness rules. - [Can You Register a Trademark Without a Logo? Word Marks Explained](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-without-a-logo): Can you register just a name without a logo? Word marks, figurative marks and combination marks — and which gives you the broadest protection. - [Is Trademark Registration Mandatory? The Legal and Practical Reality](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/is-trademark-registration-mandatory): Is trademark registration legally required in Turkey? Why it is practically critical even though it is not mandatory — marketplaces, franchising and more. ## Guides: [Refusals & Oppositions](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/refusals-oppositions) - [How to Prepare an Evidence File for Trademark Proof of Use](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-proof-of-use-evidence): Trademark proof of use in Turkey: which evidence counts, which five years apply, how to organize the file. A step-by-step guide for opposition and revocation. - [Acquired Distinctiveness Through Use: Can a Descriptive Mark Be Registered?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/acquired-distinctiveness-through-use): Can a descriptive trademark be registered in Turkey through acquired distinctiveness? SMK Article 5(2) conditions, timing, evidence and how to build the file. - [Partial Refusal of a Trademark Application in Turkey: What to Do Next](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/partial-refusal-of-a-trademark-application): A partial refusal of a trademark in Turkey removes only some goods and services. Appeal within 2 months, division, consent letters and other options compared. - [What Is the Deadline for Opposing a Trademark?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-opposition-deadline-in-turkey): The deadline for opposing a trademark application is two months from publication. When it starts, how it is calculated, and what remains if you miss it. - [How to Respond to a Trademark Opposition](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-respond-to-a-trademark-opposition): How are observations against a trademark opposition prepared? The one-month deadline, what to include, the proof-of-use request and what does not work. - [Who Can Oppose a Trademark Application?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/who-can-oppose-a-trademark-application): Who can oppose a trademark application? Registered proprietors, earlier right holders, trade name owners, and third parties relying on absolute grounds. - [Can a Similar Trademark Cause Refusal?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/can-a-similar-trademark-cause-refusal): Is a similar mark always a ground for refusal? What the Office refuses of its own motion, what needs an opposition, and how to register anyway. - [An Opposition Has Been Filed Against My Trademark — What Now?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-opposition-filed-against-my-application): Has your trademark application been opposed? The observation deadline, the proof-of-use request, the consent route and the steps that improve your chances. - [Challenging a Board Decision in Court: The Final Avenue of Appeal](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/appealing-a-turkpatent-board-decision-in-court): Appealing a TÜRKPATENT Board decision in court: the two-month deadline, competent court, parties, likely outcomes and alternatives worth considering first. - [What Is Likelihood of Confusion? How Trademark Similarity Is Assessed](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/likelihood-of-confusion-in-trademark-law): What is likelihood of confusion in trademark law? Visual, phonetic and conceptual similarity, goods/services overlap, and the average-consumer test explained. - [How Do You Register a Trademark Using a Letter of Consent?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-with-a-letter-of-consent): What is a trademark letter of consent and how do you obtain one? Notarisation, use after a refusal, risks for the consenting party and negotiation tips. - [How to File a Trademark Opposition](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-file-a-trademark-opposition): How do you oppose a published trademark application? The two-month deadline, valid grounds, evidence preparation and what strengthens an opposition. - [My Trademark Application Was Refused — What Now?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/how-to-appeal-a-trademark-refusal): If your trademark application was refused you have two months to appeal. The Board process, arguments that work, consent, and the court stage. - [Why Are Trademark Applications Refused?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/why-trademark-applications-are-refused): Why are trademark applications refused? Absolute grounds under Article 5 and relative grounds under Article 6, which are raised ex officio, and how to avoid refusal. ## Guides: [By Industry](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/by-industry) - [Do You Need a Trademark to Sell on Trendyol, Hepsiburada and N11?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-turkish-marketplaces): Do you need a trademark to sell on Trendyol? Marketplace brand protection programs, required classes, counterfeit seller takedowns and buy box control explained. - [Trademark Registration for Schools and Training Centres](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-schools-and-training-centres): An operating licence gives no trademark right. Protecting course, tutoring and school brands through branch expansion, franchising and digital growth. - [Trademark Registration for Clinics and Healthcare Businesses](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-clinics-and-healthcare): Trademark registration for dental clinics, aesthetic centres and polyclinics: Nice class 44 healthcare services, protecting reputation and branch growth. - [Trademark Registration for Construction and Real Estate Companies](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-construction-and-real-estate): In construction the brand carries corporate trust. The distinction between company and project marks, reputation protection and the commercial value of registration. - [Trademark Registration for Software and SaaS Companies](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-software-and-saas-companies): For software companies a trademark is a standard due diligence item. Product name or company name, the domain relationship, and app store risk. - [Trademark Registration for Hosting and Domain Companies](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-hosting-and-domain-companies): Trademark registration for hosting, server and domain companies: Nice classes 42 and 35, brand-domain alignment and protection against competitors. - [Trademark Registration for Salons and Beauty Centres](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-salons-and-beauty-centres): Why protect your salon brand before opening branches, granting franchises or launching your own product line? A trademark guide for the beauty sector. - [Trademark Registration for Restaurants and Cafés](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-restaurants-and-cafes): Opening branches or franchising without protecting your restaurant brand is risky. We explain the role of registration in growth, reputation and chain building. - [Trademark Registration for E-Commerce: Why It Is a Commercial Necessity](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-e-commerce-sellers): In e-commerce a trademark is a commercial requirement, not just a legal one: marketplace brand programmes, fighting counterfeit sellers and defending your listings. - [Trademark Registration for Selling on Amazon and Brand Registry](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-for-amazon-brand-registry): Why is trademark registration necessary to sell on Amazon? Brand Registry requirements, the advantages it provides, and enrolling after registration. ## Guides: [International](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/international) - [What Should You Do If Your Madrid Application Receives a Provisional Refusal?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/responding-to-a-madrid-provisional-refusal): What does a Madrid provisional refusal mean? Refusal periods, reading the notification, response deadlines, limitation and grant statements; Madrid Monitor. - [How Do You Protect Your Trademark Before Working with a Foreign Distributor?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/protecting-your-trademark-with-foreign-distributors): What if your foreign distributor registers your trademark in its own name? Paris Convention Art. 6septies, contract clauses and filing order to prevent it. - [Madrid Protocol Member Countries: Where Can You Register a Trademark?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/madrid-protocol-member-countries): Madrid Protocol member countries: 117 contracting parties per WIPO, a region-by-region table, key markets outside Madrid and 2026 filing fees from Turkey. - [Trademark Registration in the UK: The New Landscape After Brexit](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-in-the-uk): How to register a trademark in the UK: the UKIPO process, EU trademark status after Brexit, the opposition period, and a strategy for Turkish exporters. - [Trademark Registration in Germany: A Guide for Turkish Exporters](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-in-germany): How to register a trademark in Germany: the DPMA process, fees, opposition period, comparison with EUTM and strategy tips for Turkish exporters. - [Trademark Registration in China: What Manufacturers Need to Know](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-in-china): How to register a trademark in China: the CNIPA process, first-to-file rule, trademark squatting risk, the subclass system and a strategy for manufacturers. - [US Trademark Registration (USPTO) Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/us-trademark-registration-uspto-guide): How do you register a trademark in the US? The USPTO process, the use-in-commerce requirement, its importance for Amazon, and what to watch for. - [International Trademark Registration and the Madrid Protocol](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/international-trademark-registration-madrid-protocol): How do you obtain trademark protection abroad? Registering in multiple countries with a single application under the Madrid Protocol: benefits and process. - [European Union Trademark (EUTM) Guide](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/european-union-trademark-eutm-guide): Register in every EU member state with one application under the EU Trade Mark (EUTM): the EUIPO process, its advantages and how it differs from Madrid. ## Guides: [Digital & AI](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/digital-ai) - [Someone Registered a Domain Name With Your Trademark: UDRP and the .tr Dispute Route](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/domain-name-disputes-udrp-and-tr): When a domain with your trademark belongs to someone else: three UDRP conditions, WIPO timelines and 2026 fees, the .tr dispute route, litigation and evidence. - [What Can You Do If a Competitor Bids on Your Trademark in Google Ads?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/competitor-bidding-on-your-trademark-in-google-ads): What a Google Ads trademark complaint can and cannot stop: keyword vs ad text, SMK Art. 7(3)(d), evidence, complaint, cease-and-desist and court steps. - [Can an AI-Generated Logo Be Registered as a Trademark?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/can-ai-generated-logos-be-trademarked): An AI-generated logo can be registered as a trademark in Turkey: the law ignores how a sign was made. Similarity, copyright and license risks, plus 6 steps. - [Instagram Handles and Trademark Rights on Social Media](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/social-media-handles-and-trademark-rights): Does a social media handle create trademark rights? Account protection, impersonator account takedowns, handle recovery and the role of registration explained. - [Is Trademark Registration an Investment or a Cost?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/is-trademark-registration-an-investment-or-a-cost): Is trademark registration a cost or an investment? The value a brand adds to a business, the long-term return, and the hidden cost of staying unregistered. - [Trademark Protection in the Age of AI and Digital Brands](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-protection-in-the-age-of-ai): Why does trademark protection matter more than ever in the age of AI? A registration strategy for AI startups, digital brands and AI products. - [10 Problems Faced by Companies That Skip Trademark Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/10-risks-of-not-registering-your-trademark): What does skipping trademark registration cost your business? 10 real problems, from imitation to loss of rights, marketplace barriers and reputational harm. ## Guides: [Pricing](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kategori/pricing) - [Are Trademark Fees Refunded If Your Application Is Refused in Turkey?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-refusal-fee-refund): Is there a trademark refusal fee refund in Turkey? Fees paid to TÜRKPATENT are not refunded, and the registration fee is never charged. Exceptions explained. - [When Is the Trademark Registration Fee Paid in Turkey, and What If It Is Not?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/unpaid-trademark-registration-fee): An unpaid trademark registration fee in Turkey ends the application. The 2026 fee is TRY 7,010, due in two months; underpayment and refiling costs explained. - [Trademark Assignment Fees in Turkey 2026: Official Fee Schedule, Notary and Total Cost](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-assignment-fees-in-turkey-2026): The 2026 fee for recording a trademark assignment in Turkey is TRY 5,960. The real cost with notary, attorney, partial assignment and inheritance items. - [Trademark Renewal Fees in Turkey 2026: Current Schedule and Calculation](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-renewal-fees-in-turkey-2026): In 2026 trademark renewal costs TRY 8,730 for up to two classes, plus TRY 750 per extra class. Late renewal, partial renewal, payment and worked examples. - [How Is Trademark Registration Expense Recorded in Accounting?](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/accounting-for-trademark-registration-costs): Accounting for trademark registration costs: capitalizing intangible assets, amortization, VAT treatment, and separating official fees from service fees. - [KOSGEB Grants and State Incentives for Trademark Registration](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/kosgeb-grants-for-trademark-registration): How to get KOSGEB support for trademark registration in Turkey: scope of the grant, overseas filing incentives, and what to watch when applying. - [Trademark Registration Fees in Turkey 2026: Official Fees and Total Cost](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/blog/trademark-registration-fees-in-turkey-2026): Trademark registration fees in Turkey 2026: official total TRY 9,830 for one class, TRY 12,650 for two. Itemized TÜRKPATENT schedule, timeline and examples. ## Additional Resources - [Curated LLM index](https://www.webx.net.tr/llms.txt) - [Full LLM index](https://www.webx.net.tr/llms-full.txt) - [Turkish LLM index](https://www.webx.net.tr/tr/llms.txt) - [English LLM index](https://www.webx.net.tr/en/llms.txt) - [XML Sitemap](https://www.webx.net.tr/sitemap.xml) - [Blog Sitemap](https://www.webx.net.tr/sitemap-blog.xml) - [RSS](https://www.webx.net.tr/blog/feed.xml) Pages marked with a Markdown version can also be read as clean text by appending `.md` to their URL; see https://www.webx.net.tr/llms-full.txt for the list.