Trademark Classes
4 min
Which Trademark Class Do Education Services Fall Into?
The core of education services is class 41. Online platforms, downloadable content and printed material fall into separate classes; we explain which you need.
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Expert content, legal guides, industry news — everything you need to know to protect your brand.
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The Webx blog explains trademark and intellectual property procedures the way they actually work in practice. The articles here cover every stage in the life of a trademark: pre-filing similarity research, choosing the right class, examination by TÜRKPATENT, opposition to publication and the routes available against a refusal, the use requirement after registration, renewal, assignment and licensing. Everything is written against Industrial Property Law No. 6769 and TÜRKPATENT's current practice, and articles are updated when the legislation or the office's practice changes.
The posts are grouped so you can find what you need quickly. Start with Guides to learn the process end to end, use Trademark Classes to decide where to file, turn to Refusals & Oppositions if your application was rejected or someone opposed your mark, read Legal for infringement and litigation, and see International for protection abroad. Questions specific to your sector or company structure live under By Industry and For Businesses, while budgeting is covered in Pricing.
These articles are general information and do not replace advice on your own file. If you want to know which route fits your brand, start with a free preliminary search.
Featured Article
Trademark Classes
4 min read
19 August 2026
Which Trademark Class Do Mobile Apps Fall Into?
Mobile apps fall into class 9 because they are a downloaded product. The service behind the app maps to a different class; we explain the distinction.
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Guides & Analysis
Trademark Classes
3 min
Which Trademark Class Do Consulting Services Fall Into?
There is no single class for consultancy; the subject matter decides it. We map the five main consulting fields onto their classes.
Trademark Classes
4 min
Which Trademark Class Do Construction Companies Fall Into?
In construction the class turns on the difference between building and selling: building is class 37, selling and managing is class 36. Project marks are a separate question.
Trademark Classes
3 min
Which Trademark Class Do Beauty Centres Fall Into?
Beauty and personal care services sit in class 44. If you launch your own product line or provide training the scope widens; we set out which activity falls where.
Trademark Classes
4 min
Which Trademark Class Do Restaurants Fall Into?
Restaurants and cafés fall into class 43. But if you package your own products or grant franchises, the scope does not stop at one class.
Trademark Classes
4 min
Which Trademark Class Does E-Commerce Fall Into?
In e-commerce the class depends not on what you sell but on how you sell it. We map own-brand, reseller and marketplace models onto classes.
Trademark Classes
4 min
Which Trademark Class Does Software Fall Into?
Software has no single class: how you deliver the product decides it. We map downloadable software, SaaS, development services and marketplace models onto classes.
Refusals & Oppositions
4 min
Can a Similar Trademark Cause Refusal?
The existence of a similar mark does not by itself mean refusal. We explain which level of similarity the Office refuses of its own motion and which takes effect only on opposition.
Refusals & Oppositions
5 min
An Opposition Has Been Filed Against My Trademark — What Now?
An opposition does not mean your application has been refused. We set out your observation deadline, the strongest defensive tool available to you, and the process step by step.
For Businesses
11 min
Trademark Portfolio Management: A Strategy for Multi-Brand Companies
Trademark portfolio management means keeping all of a company's applications and registrations in one inventory and managing coverage gaps, renewal and use deadlines, watching and ownership systematically. Renew in the 6 months before expiry; put the mark to genuine use within 5 years of registration.
Trademark Search
12 min
How to Choose a Brand Name: A Guide to Finding a Registrable Name
To choose a brand name, first generate distinctive candidates, then screen them for pronunciation, meaning, domain availability and the trademark register. Invented names and names unrelated to the product are the strongest; names that directly describe the product are refused under Article 5(1)(c) SMK.
Legal
12 min
Collective Marks and Certification Marks: Shared Protection Models
A collective mark distinguishes the goods and services of a group of businesses; a certification mark guarantees, under the owner's control, the shared features or quality of many businesses' products. Both require a technical specification, and a certification mark's owner may not use it on its own goods.
Guides
15 min
What Is a Geographical Indication? How It Differs From a Trademark
A geographical indication identifies a product whose quality, reputation or other features are tied to a region. A trademark gives a business exclusive rights; a geographical indication gives no one exclusive rights, cannot be transferred, and is used with an emblem by every compliant producer under inspection.
Pricing
11 min
How Is Trademark Registration Expense Recorded in Accounting?
In the Turkish Uniform Chart of Accounts, rights acquired for a price, such as trademarks, are tracked in account 260 Rights; under the Tax Procedure Law, intangible rights are valued at cost and amortized. Document the official fee and the service fee separately, and confirm periods and rates with your accountant.
For Businesses
12 min
Trademark Valuation: What Is Your Brand Worth on the Balance Sheet?
Trademark valuation measures the monetary value of the economic benefit a brand delivers, using cost, market and income approaches. Under TMS 38, a brand a business builds itself is not recognized as an asset; a brand shown on the balance sheet is usually one that was bought or acquired in a business combination.
Guides
13 min
What Is the Priority Right? The Priority Advantage in Trademark Registration
The trademark priority right carries the date of a first filing in a Paris Convention country over to filings in other countries within six months. It is not automatic: you claim it with the application and file the document within three months. Deadlines, fees, exhibition priority and use abroad.
FAQ
11 min
What Is a Trademark Registration Certificate? What It Proves and How to Get One
A trademark registration certificate is the official document showing that a mark is registered with TÜRKPATENT. Once every stage is complete and the registration fee (TRY 7,010 in 2026) is paid on time, the mark is entered in the register, which, not the certificate, shows its current legal position.
For Businesses
13 min
How to Register a Trademark as a Sole Proprietor
A sole proprietorship has no legal personality, so the trademark is filed in the owner's name with their national ID number. The official 2026 total for a single-class filing is TRY 9,830, and the mark stays with the owner even if the business closes or is sold, unless it is assigned.
International
12 min
Trademark Registration in the UK: The New Landscape After Brexit
UK trademark registration requires a separate filing after Brexit: EU trade marks have not covered the United Kingdom since January 1, 2021. UKIPO fees, the UK address-for-service rule, the notification system for similar marks, the opposition period, Madrid compared and renewal.
International
12 min
Trademark Registration in Germany: A Guide for Turkish Exporters
Trademark registration in Germany comes through three routes: a national DPMA filing, an EU trade mark, or designating Germany through Madrid. The DPMA does not check earlier similar marks, and opposition comes after registration. Fees, the local representative rule, the procedure, use and renewal.
International
15 min
Trademark Registration in China: What Manufacturers Need to Know
Trademark registration in China matters even if you never sell there: if you manufacture in China, the first filer wins. CNIPA's subclass system, Chinese-character marks, Madrid versus direct filing, official fees, what to do if your mark is taken and the revised law that takes effect in 2027.
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